Status for: Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (MOD21)
Stage 2 validation has been achieved for the MYD21 Collection 6 LST&E products.
The MYD21 (MODIS-Aqua) Collection 6 (C6) LST&E products have been validated to Stage 2 status using a combination of Temperature and Radiance-based methods over a global set of sites in the USA, China, Spain, Portugal, and Southern Africa.
The results summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1 show that the MYD21 C6 LST products have an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.33 K with negligible bias and accuracies independent of land cover type. The heritage MYD11 C6 LST products have an average RMSE of 2.32 K and show large biases (3-5 K) over dryland regions due to an overestimation of emissivity in the longwave bands documented in several studies [Malakar et al., 2016; Li et al., 2020; Hulley and Cook, 2020]. The MYD21 C6 emissivity spectra had an average accuracy of 1.31% for all TIR bands (29, 31, 32) when compared to lab measured spectra at six pseudo-invariant sites shown in Figure 2.
The MOD21 (MODIS-Terra) LST&E products have yet be fully validated since they were affected by the band 29 crosstalk calibration issue apparent in C6, and were only produced up to 2005 as a result. This issue has been addressed in C6.1 with updated calibration coefficients and all MOD21 products are currently in reprocessing with expected release in Spring 2021.
![LST Val MOD21 table](images/MxD21_Val_table.png)
for both products simultaneously, i.e. one to one validation comparison with in-situ data
![LST Val MOD21 table](images/MxD21_Fig1.png)
Temperature-based and Radiance-based validation methods at two water, two vegetated, and six pseudo-invariant sand dunes sites in the U.SA [1, 6].
![LST Val MOD21 table](images/MxD21_Fig2.png)
samples collected at six pseudo-invariant sand dune sites in the USA.
Details of MxD21 C6 LST&E validation practices can be found in the MxD21 ATBD here https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod21.php and in Malakar et al. 2016.
Product version: Collection 6.1
Title: Temperature-Based and Radiance-Based Validation of the Collection 6 MYD11 and MYD21 Land Surface Temperature Products Over Barren Surfaces in Northwestern China |
Author: Li, H., Li,R., Yang,Y., Cao,B., Bian,Z., Hu,T., Du,Y., Sun, L., and Liu, Q |
Source: IEEE, 2021, 59(2) |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: A Water Vapor Scaling Model for Improved Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Separation of MODIS Thermal Infrared Data, Remote Sensing of Environment |
Author: Malakar, N.K. and G. C. Hulley |
Source: Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 182, 252-264 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: Test of the MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Separation Algorithm With Ground Measurements Over a Rice Paddy |
Author: Coll, C., Garcia-Santos, V., Niclos,R., and Caselle, V. |
Source: IEEE, 2016, 54 (5) |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: Thermal-based techniques for land cover change detection using a new dynamic MODIS multispectral emissivity product (MOD21) |
Author: Hulley, G., S. Veraverbeke, S. Hook |
Source: Rem. Sens. Environ, 140, p755-765 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: Validation of remotely sensed surface temperature over an oak woodland landscape - The problem of viewing and illumination geometries |
Author: Ermida, S.L., Trigo, I. F., DaCamara, C. C., Gottsche, F. M., Olesen, F. S., and Hulley, G. |
Source: Remote Sensing of Environment 148 (2014) 16-27 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: Quantifying Uncertainties in Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Emissivity Retrievals from ASTER and MODIS Thermal Infrared Data |
Author: Hulley, G. C., T. Hughes, and S. J. Hook |
Source: J. Geophys. Res. Lett, 117, D23113, doi:10.1029/2012JD018506 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: A radiance-based method for estimating uncertainties in the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) land surface temperature product |
Author: Hulley, G. C., and S. J. Hook |
Source: J. Geophys. Res. Lett, 117, D20117, doi:10.1029/2012JD019102 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: MODIS MOD21 Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document |
Author: Hulley, G., Hook, S., and Hughes, C. |
Source: JPL Publication 12-17 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: Generating Consistent Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Products Between ASTER and MODIS Data for Earth Science Research |
Author: Hulley, G. C., and S. J. Hook |
Source: IEEE Trans. Geos. Rem. Sens., DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2063034 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: Validation of the North American ASTER Land Surface Emissivity Database (NAALSED) version 2.0 using pseudo-invariant sand dune site |
Author: Hulley, G. C., S. J. Hook, and A. M. Baldridge |
Source: Remote Sens. Environ, 113, 2224-2233 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |
Title: Intercomparison of Versions 4, 4.1 and 5 of the MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Products and Validation with Laboratory Measurements of Sand Samples from the Namib Desert, Namibia |
Author: Hulley, G.C., Hook, S.J. |
Source: Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (2009) 1313-1318 |
View Abstract and Access Publication |